Bridging the Gap: From Sensory Theory to Clinical Application

As paediatric occupational therapists, we're all too familiar with the challenge of staying up-to-date with the latest research while managing our daily caseloads. The gap between cutting-edge theory and widespread clinical practice is a common issue across healthcare fields, and OT is no exception. 

The Research-Practice Gap: A Common Challenge 

 Studies have shown that it takes an average of 17 years for research evidence to be incorporated into clinical practice (Morris, 2011). This delay can be attributed to various factors: 

1. Limited access to recent research 
2. Time constraints in busy clinical settings 
3. Lack of training in implementing new approaches 
4. Resistance to change in established systems 
5. Difficulty in translating complex theories into practical interventions 

  For paediatric OTs working with autistic children, this gap can be particularly frustrating. We know that early intervention is crucial, yet we may find ourselves using outdated methods simply because that's what we're most familiar with. 

 Sensory Integration Theory: An Emerging Evidence-Based Practice 

 One area where we're seeing exciting developments is in the application of sensory integration theory. While the concept has been around since the 1960s, thanks to the groundbreaking work of A. Jean Ayres, its practical application as an evidence-based practice is still emerging. 

 Recent research has begun to provide stronger evidence for the effectiveness of sensory integration approaches, particularly for autistic children: 

  - A 2018 systematic review found that sensory integration therapy can improve daily living skills, sensory processing, and motor skills in children with autism (Schaaf et al, 2018).

- A 2021 study demonstrated that sensory integration interventions can lead to significant improvements in motor skills and behaviour in autistic children (Kashefimehr et al, 2018).

You can also read a previous blog I wrote, where I shared a research brief Prepared by Roseann Schaaf and Kelly Auld-Wright for The Collaborative for Leadership in Ayres Sensory Integration(R) (CLASI).  This research brief was prepared on 28th February 2024 with the purpose of summarising current evidence.    

https://www.senseup.org/blog/Evidence_for_Occupational_Therapy_using_ASI 

  Despite this growing body of evidence, many OTs still struggle to effectively incorporate sensory integration approaches into their daily practice. This is where the gap between theory and real-world application becomes evident. 

  Bridging the Gap: The Path Forward 

 So, how can we as paediatric OTs bridge this gap and bring the benefits of evidence-based sensory integration approaches to our clients more quickly? Here are a few strategies: 

1. Continuous Learning: Commit to ongoing education about sensory processing and integration. This might involve attending courses, following professional groups on social media, and getting supervision.   
2. 2. Collaboration: Connect with colleagues who are successfully using sensory integration approaches. Share experiences, challenges, and successes. 
3.  3. Parent Education: Help parents understand the principles of sensory integration. Their support and reinforcement at home can significantly enhance the effectiveness of your interventions. 
4. 4. Data Collection: Keep detailed records of your interventions and their outcomes. This not only helps in tailoring your approach but also contributes to the broader field of OT research. 
5.  5. Advocacy: Push for your workplace to provide resources and support for implementing evidence-based practices, including sensory integration approaches. 

As the field continues to evolve, stay curious, stay engaged, and most importantly, don't be afraid to be at the forefront of applying new, evidence-based approaches in your practice. By embracing emerging evidence-based practices like sensory integration, we can make a real difference in the lives of the children we serve. 

References:

Kashefimehr, B., Kayihan, H., & Huri, M. (2018). The effect of sensory integration therapy on occupational performance in children with autism. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 38(3), 75-83. 

Morris, Z. S., Wooding, S., & Grant, J. (2011). The answer is 17 years, what is the question: understanding time lags in translational research. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 104(12), 510-520. 

Schaaf, R. C., Dumont, R. L., Arbesman, M., & May-Benson, T. A. (2018). Efficacy of occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration®: A systematic review. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(1), 7201190010p1-7201190010p10.