Meeting Neurodivergent Needs with individualised Sensory Integration Therapy

Neurodivergent individuals, such as those with Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD,  often experience difficulties with sensory processing. The literature varies on the incidence, but some literature quotes up to 97% of autistic individuals experience sensory differences. The DSM 5 now includes sensory differences as a defining characteristic of ASD.

Sensory Differences can include sensory over-responsiveness, where sensory input is experienced as overwhelming, or sensory under-responsiveness, where sensory input is not noticed or registered. Difficulties discriminating sensory inputs can present as dyspraxia and postural ocular difficulties. Sensory processing difficulties can impact an individual's ability to participate in daily activities, interact with others, and regulate their emotions and behaviour.

Sensory Integration Therapy can help individuals with sensory processing difficulties to better understand and manage their sensory experiences. One hallmark of neurodiversity affirming sensory therapy is its emphasis on an individualised approach. Therapists who incorporate sensory integration theory into their therapy work closely with their clients to develop a tailored therapy plan that considers the individual's unique sensory profile, unique contexts/environments and personal preferences.

An individualised approach to sensory therapy means that therapy sessions are client-led and co-created with the child to specifically meet their individual needs. We know that with our sensory clients, this can shift on a day-by-day basis but also during a session as arousal levels alter.

Therapists consider the specific sensory difficulties that the individual is experiencing, and their strengths and abilities. For example, if an individual has difficulties with tactile input, the OT will be looking in detail at which tactile input those may be, what their unique reactions are and then how that child can be uniquely supported to tolerate the sensations necessary for their unique environmental circumstance. (Bearing in mind that we don’t treat a single sensory modularity in sensory INTEGRATION therapy, but look at combining vestibular, proprioception and tactile to promote integration of the tactile input in a positive play experience.

The individualised approach to sensory therapy also means that therapy sessions are designed to be enjoyable and engaging for the individual, and at its very heart uses play as the main medium. By providing a positive and enjoyable sensory experience, individuals can develop a positive relationship with sensory input, which can lead to improved sensory processing and regulation over time.

In addition to individualised therapy sessions, therapists may also provide individuals with strategies and activities to use outside of therapy to support their sensory needs. These strategies may include creating sensory-friendly environments at home and school,  using sensory strategies unique to the individual or engaging in specific activities that provide sensory input.

Overall, individualised sensory therapy is a key hallmark of neurodiversity affirming therapy. By taking into account the unique needs and preferences of each individual, therapists can provide effective and playful therapy sessions that support individuals with sensory processing difficulties to better understand and manage their sensory experiences. This can ultimately lead to improved daily functioning, regulation, and an overall better quality of life for neurodivergent children.